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Reliability analysis of urban gas transmission and distribution system based on FMEA and correlation

Su LI,Weiguo ZHOU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 443-448 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0336-4

摘要： In order to improve the safety management of urban gas transmission and distribution system, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was used to construct the reliability analysis system of the pipeline network. To solve the problem of subjectivity and uncertainty of the multi-expert decision making, the correlation operator was introduced into the calculation of the risk priority number (RPN). Using FMEA along with weight analysis and expert investigation approach, the FMEA evaluation table was given, including five failure modes, risk priority numbers, failure causes and effects, as well as corrective actions. The results show that correlation operator can directly process the linguistic terms and quantify the priority of the risks.

关键词： gas transmission and distribution system risk evaluation reliability analysis failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) correlation operator

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Active-reactive power scheduling of integrated electricity-gas network with multi-microgrids

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 251-265 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0857-1

摘要： Advances in natural gas-fired technologies have deepened the coupling between electricity and gas networks, promoting the development of the integrated electricity-gas network (IEGN) and strengthening the interaction between the active-reactive power flow in the power distribution network (PDN) and the natural gas flow in the gas distribution network (GDN). This paper proposes a day-ahead active-reactive power scheduling model for the IEGN with multi-microgrids (MMGs) to minimize the total operating cost. Through the tight coupling relationship between the subsystems of the IEGN, the potentialities of the IEGN with MMGs toward multi-energy cooperative interaction is optimized. Important component models are elaborated in the PDN, GDN, and coupled MMGs. Besides, motivated by the non-negligible impact of the reactive power, optimal inverter dispatch (OID) is considered to optimize the active and reactive power capabilities of the inverters of distributed generators. Further, a second-order cone (SOC) relaxation technology is utilized to transform the proposed active-reactive power scheduling model into a convex optimization problem that the commercial solver can directly solve. A test system consisting of an IEEE-33 test system and a 7-node natural gas network is adopted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling method. The results show that the proposed scheduling method can effectively reduce the power losses of the PDN in the IEGN by 9.86%, increase the flexibility of the joint operation of the subsystems of the IEGN, reduce the total operation costs by $32.20, and effectively enhance the operation economy of the IEGN.

关键词： combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) integrated energy systems (IES) natural gas power distribution system gas distribution system

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Availability growth models and verification of power equipment

Jinyuan SHI, Jiamin XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 529-538 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0624-0

摘要： The general availability growth models for large scale complicated repairable system such as electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are presented. The calculation formulas for the maintenance coefficient, mathematical expressions for general availability growth models, ways for estimating, and fitting on checking the parameters of the model are introduced. Availability growth models for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are given together with verification examples for availability growth models of 320–1000 MW nuclear power units and 1000 MW thermal power units, 200–1000 MW power station auxiliaries, and 220–500 kV transmission and distribution installations. The verification results for operation availability data show that the maintenance coefficients for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, transmission and distribution installations conform to the power function, and general availability growth models conform to rules of availability growth tendency of power equipment.

关键词： repairable system power equipment electric generating unit power station auxiliary transmission and distribution installation reliability availability availability growth model

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全球主要盆地油气分布规律

康玉柱

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第8期页码 14-25

摘要：

全球发育的含油气盆地有上千个，根据盆地结构特征可将含油气盆地分为3 大类型：克拉通盆地、断陷盆地和前陆盆地。笔者按这3 大类型盆地论述其油气分布规律。克拉通盆地：油汽主要分布在盆地内的古隆起、古斜坡，区域性的不整合及断裂带内；断陷盆地：油气主要分布在深凹带内的构造带、陡坡带和缓坡带；前陆盆地：油气主要分布在前陆断摺带、斜坡带、逆埯带及坳陷帶。这些规律性的认识，对全球油气勘探工作具有重要的指导意义。

关键词：含油气盆地油气田油气分布规律

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普光气田地面集输系统的内腐蚀控制与监测

欧莉,李时杰,苏国丰

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 70-75

摘要：

分析了高含H₂S / CO₂气田的腐蚀特征，探讨了在普光气田开发建设同期模拟普光集输工况开展的腐蚀性研究与成果；针对普光高含硫、复杂地形、人口密集、全湿气输送的地面集输系统，重点介绍了“抗硫碳钢＋缓蚀剂+清管+腐蚀监测”的综合腐蚀控制与监测设计方案，初步地总结和评价了投产运行后腐蚀控制与监测的实际实施效果，对存在的问题给出了建议。

关键词：普光酸性气田 H2S CO2 湿气输送缓蚀剂腐蚀监测

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川气东送工程节能环保技术的创新与应用

曹耀峰

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第12期页码 15-18

摘要：

针对川东北地区敏感脆弱的生态环境及含剧毒高酸天然气的资源禀赋，始终坚持并严格落实“环保优先”的工程建设指导思想，大力推行以“节能环保、绿色低碳”为主要特征的生态工程建设模式，将系统优化思想与节能环保技术创新相结合、清洁生产措施与严格监管相结合，在优化设计、清洁生产、环境监测全过程推进节能环保技术的创新与应用，杜绝了重特大环境污染和生态破坏事故的发生，最大限度减少了工程建设对原始生态环境和人文历史环境的影响，实现了污染物排放浓度、总量和环境质量达标，履行了将川气东送工程建设成“生态工程”、把普光气田建设成“绿色气田”、把川气东送管道建设成“绿色能源大走廊”的社会承诺。

关键词：川气东送工程建设节能环保技术创新

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我国致密砂岩气资源潜力、分布与未来发展地位

张国生,邓松涛

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 87-93

摘要：

系统分析了我国鄂尔多斯、四川和塔里木等主要盆地致密砂岩气成藏条件和主控因素，提出斜坡岩性型和深层构造型是两种最重要的致密砂岩气藏。采用多因素叠合法预测有利含气范围，并通过对已知重点致密砂岩气田的解剖研究，刻度出储量丰度、含气面积系数等关键参数，采用类比法来计算主要盆地的致密砂岩气资源量。研究表明，我国致密砂岩气技术可采资源量为9.2万亿～13.4万亿m³，主要分布于含煤系地层的盆地中；致密砂岩气资源开发利用现实性最好，在国家政策扶持和工程技术进步的推动下，再经过10～20年的发展，有望成为我国天然气开发利用的主导资源之一。

关键词：致密砂岩气分布特征资源潜力发展地位

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Power system reconfiguration and loss minimization for a distribution systems using “Catfish PSO” algorithm

K Sathish KUMAR,S NAVEEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0313-y

摘要： One of the very important ways to save electrical energy in the distribution system is network reconfiguration for loss reduction. Distribution networks are built as interconnected mesh networks; however, they are arranged to be radial in operation. The distribution feeder reconfiguration is to find a radial operating structure that optimizes network performance while satisfying operating constraints. The change in network configuration is performed by opening sectionalizing (normally closed) and closing tie (normally opened) switches of the network. These switches are changed in such a way that the radial structure of networks is maintained, all of the loads are energized, power loss is reduced, power quality is enhanced, and system security is increased. Distribution feeder reconfiguration is a complex nonlinear combinatorial problem since the status of the switches is non-differentiable. This paper proposes a new evolutionary algorithm (EA) for solving the distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) problem for a 33-bus and a 16-bus sample network, which effectively ensures the loss minimization.

关键词： distribution system reconfiguration (DFR) power loss reduction catfish particle swarm optimization (catfish PSO) radial structure

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A novel power system reconfiguration for a distribution system with minimum load balancing index using

K. Sathish KUMAR, T. JAYABARATHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 260-265 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0196-8

摘要： In this paper, the objective of minimum load balancing index (LBI) for the 16-bus distribution system is achieved using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA). The feeder reconfiguration problem is formulated as a non-linear optimization problem and the optimal solution is obtained using BFOA. With the proposed reconfiguration method, the radial structure of the distribution system is retained and the burden on the optimization technique is reduced. Test results are presented for the 16-bus sample network, the proposed reconfiguration method has effectively decreased the LBI, and the BFOA technique is efficient in searching for the optimal solution.

关键词： bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) distribution system network reconfiguration load balancing index (LBI) radial network

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Hazard and vulnerability evaluation of water distribution system in cases of contamination intrusion

Kunlun XIN, Tao TAO, Yong WANG, Suiqing LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 839-848 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0409-8

摘要： In this paper, it proposed an index system for hazard and vulnerability evaluations of water distribution networks, based on the simulation of contamination events caused by pollutant injections at different junctions. It attempted to answer the following two questions in the case of contamination events: 1) Which are the most hazardous junctions? 2) Which are the most vulnerable junctions? With EPANET toolkit, it simulated the propagation of the contaminant, and calculated the peak concentration of the contaminant and mass delivered at different nodes. According to types of consumers, different weights were assigned to the consumer nodes for assessing the influence of the contaminant on the consumers. Using the method proposed herein, both the hazard index and vulnerability index were calculated for each node in the pipe network. The presented method was therefore applied to the water network of the city of Zhenjiang, which contains two water plants, two booster pump stations with storage tanks. In conclusion, the response time, the relationships between the peak concentration of contaminant and the total absorption are the most important factors in hazard and vulnerability evaluation of the water distribution network.

关键词： water distribution network hazard vulnerability contaminant accident

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Gray-box modeling and QFT control for precision servo transmission systems

Xiulan BAO, Xuedong CHEN, Xin LUO, Haocheng ZUO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第4期页码 442-448 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0242-y

摘要：

Precision servo transmission systems have widely been applied in industrial equipment to achieve high accuracy and high speed motion. However, due to the presence of friction and uncertainty, the characteristics of precision servo transmission systems are variant depends on the working conditions, leading to oscillation and instability in the system performances. In this paper, a grey-box model of the system is established, the model structure derived from the theoretical modeling and the model parameters are obtained by experiments using set membership identification method. This paper proposes two-degrees of freedom (2-DOF) robust position controller for a precision servo transmission system, based on the quantitative feedback theory (QFT), to achieve high accuracy and consistent tracking performance even in presence of considerable system uncertainties and friction disturbances. The results of simulate and experiment validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

关键词： precision servo transmission system modeling set membership identification quantitative feedback theory (QFT) robustness

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Optimal operation of integrated energy system including power thermal and gas subsystems

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 105-120 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0814-z

摘要： As a form of hybrid multi-energy systems, the integrated energy system contains different forms of energy such as power, thermal, and gas which meet the load of various energy forms. Focusing mainly on model building and optimal operation of the integrated energy system, in this paper, the dist-flow method is applied to quickly calculate the power flow and the gas system model is built by the analogy of the power system model. In addition, the piecewise linearization method is applied to solve the quadratic Weymouth gas flow equation, and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method is applied to narrow the optimal results of each subsystem at the coupling point. The entire system reaches its optimal operation through multiple iterations. The power-thermal-gas integrated energy system used in the case study includes an IEEE-33 bus power system, a Belgian 20 node natural gas system, and a six node thermal system. Simulation-based calculations and comparison of the results under different scenarios prove that the power-thermal-gas integrated energy system enhances the flexibility and stability of the system as well as reducing system operating costs to some extent.

关键词： integrated energy system power-to-gas dist-flow piecewise linearization alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)

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川气东送建设工程综述

曹耀峰

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 4-8

摘要：

川气东送建设工程是我国首次对超深高酸性天然气进行大规模勘探开发、集中净化处理、长距离管道输送、综合市场开发及利用的系统工程，具有特大型、超复杂、高风险、高难度的特点。在简要介绍工程的开发背景、建设规模，分析其面临主要技术与管理难点的基础上，系统叙述了建设工程主要的管理与技术创新系列成果、建设理念及所取得的成就。建设工程所形成的超深高酸性气田勘探开发配套系列技术和特大型综合油气项目建设管理经验，必将为同类气田的建设提供有益的借鉴。

关键词：高酸性气田技术集成与创新管理创新与运行模式大型天然气净化厂

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Application of Ice Pigging in a Drinking Water Distribution System: Impacts on Pipes and Bulk Water Quality

Yujing Huang,Zhiwei Chen,Guilin He,Yu Shao,Shuang Song,Feilong Dong,Tuqiao Zhang,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.016

摘要： Ice pigging is an emerging technique for pipe cleaning in drinking water distribution systems. However, substantial confusion and controversy exist on the potential impacts of ice pigging on bulk water quality. This study monitored the microstructural features and composition of sediments and microbial community structures in bulk water in eight multimaterial Chinese networks. Chloride concentration analysis demonstrated that separate cleaning of pipes with different materials in complex networks could mitigate the risk of losing ice pigs and degrading water quality. The microstructural and trace element characterization results showed that ice pigs would scarcely disturb the inner surfaces of long-used pipes. The bacterial richness and diversity of bulk water decreased significantly after ice pigging. Furthermore, correlations were established between pipe service age, temperature, total iron and chloride concentrations, and the 15 most abundant taxa in bulk water, which could be used to guide practical ice pigging operations.

关键词： Ice pigging Pipe cleaning Drinking water distribution system Bacterial community Sediments

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Piezoelectric pump with flexible venous valves for active cell transmission

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0712-4

摘要： The development of organ-on-a-chip systems demands high requirements for adequate micro-pump performance, which needs excellent performance and effective transport of active cells. In this study, we designed a piezoelectric pump with a flexible venous valve inspired by that of humans. Performance test of the proposed pump with deionized water as the transmission medium shows a maximum output flow rate of 14.95 mL/min when the input voltage is 100 V, and the pump can transfer aqueous solutions of glycerol with a viscosity of 10.8 mPa·s. Cell survival rate can reach 97.22% with a yeast cell culture solution as the transmission medium. A computational model of the electric-solid-liquid multi-physical field coupling of the piezoelectric pump with a flexible venous valve is established, and simulation results are consistent with experimental results. The proposed pump can help to construct the circulating organ-on-a-chip system, and the simple structure and portable application can enrich the design of microfluidic systems. In addition, the multi-physical field coupling computational model established for the proposed piezoelectric pump can provide an in-depth study of the characteristics of the flow field, facilitating the optimal design of the micro-pump and providing a reference for the further study of active cell transport in organ-on-a-chip systems.

关键词： venous valve flexible venous valve cell transmission organ-on-a-chip system piezoelectric device